Basic Introduction

Self-assembled nanoparticles (SANs) are nanoscale structures that spontaneously form through non-covalent interactions, such as hydrophobic forces, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic attraction, between molecules or polymers. Compared to traditional drug formulations—whether small molecules or biologics—SANs offer notable advantages in targeting capability, delivery efficiency, pharmacokinetics, controlled drug release, and the potential for multifunctional integration.

Technical Principle

Self-assembly refers to a process in which basic structural units—ranging from molecules to nanomaterials and even larger-scale substances—organize themselves into ordered structures without external guidance. Driven by non-covalent forces, these components naturally assemble into stable, geometrically defined architectures that can perform specific biological or pharmaceutical functions.

Self-Assembly Units and Types

Technical Advantages

-- Strong Biocompatibility and Structural Stability

Most SANs are constructed from biocompatible materials and remain stable under physiological conditions.

-- Improved Target Specificity

Functional moieties can be incorporated to direct nanoparticles toward specific cells or tissues.

--Precise and Responsive Drug Release

SANs can be engineered to release their payloads in response to environmental triggers such as pH, temperature, or enzymatic activity.

-- Scalable and Cost-Efficient Production

The self-assembly process is relatively straightforward, facilitating reproducible synthesis at both laboratory and industrial scales.

-- Customizable for Multifunctionality

Their modular design makes it easy to integrate therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities into a single nanoplatform.

Application Scenarios

-- Co-delivery and Precision Release of Therapeutic Agents

Enables the synchronized release of multiple drugs at the site of action, improving treatment outcomes.

-- Targeted Transport of Poorly Soluble Compounds

Enhances the solubility and bioavailability of drugs that are otherwise difficult to deliver.

-- Extended Circulation Time

Prolongs the drug’s presence in the bloodstream, reducing the need for frequent dosing.

-- Sustained Drug Release

Provides long-acting therapeutic effects and helps maintain stable drug levels, improving patient adherence.